Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina - Latest articles

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Pits Transporting System from Pitter Fruit Machine - Case StudyMechanical Engineering in Transport

Łukasz Nowakowski, Piotr Kurp, Michał Skrzyniarz, Sławomir Błasiak, Wojciech Depczyński

Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2024, 26(2):B128-B134 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2024.025

The paper presents the construction and technological aspects of a device for pitting fruit, especially cherries, on an industrial scale. The presented work includes design solutions related to the transport of pits removed from pitted fruit, as well as a gravity chute, with an indication of potential operational problems related to the machine design. The authors proposed the use of a screw conveyor, especially in the case of longer drums, to optimize the process. Some analyses are also presented, including friction occurring during the transport of pits. Ultimately, a specific design concept is presented that integrates the screw conveyor with...

The Service Life Prediction for Brake Pads of Freight WagonsMechanical Engineering in Transport

Sergii Panchenko, Juraj Gerlici, Alyona Lovska, Vasyl Ravlyuk

Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2024, 26(2):B80-B89 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2024.017

The analysis of the statistical values of wear of brake pads in operation, based on which a wear model was developed, is presented in this paper. This model can be used for predicting the remaining service life of brake pads according to the wagon mileage. The distribution function of wear on the upper and lower parts of the pad was determined, which made it possible to find the main qualitative characteristics, namely, the wear intensity, the γ-percentage wear, and the average pad wear at a specified wagon mileage. The results of the study can be factored for solving complex engineering problems of excessive wear of composite...

Peculiarities of Designing the Frame of a Universal Container Made of Rectangular PipesMechanical Engineering in Transport

Juraj Gerlici, Alyona Lovska, Mykhailo Pavliuchenkov, Oleksandr Kravchenko

Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2024, 26(2):B72-B79 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2024.016

The features of designing the frame of a universal container made of square pipes are presented in this paper. The two frame loading schemes are taken into account: the effect of vertical loading on the container frame when it is lifted by the upper corner fittings (I loading mode); the effect of longitudinal loading on the frame during transportation by the rail transport (II loading mode). Mathematical modeling was performed to determine the longitudinal loading acting on the container in the II loading mode. The determined acceleration is taken into account when constructing the schemes of force factors that arise in the frame. The strength...

Comparison of the Molding Parameters Effects on Metal Injection Molded Specimens in the Real Experimental and Simulation EnvironmentsMechanical Engineering in Transport

György Ledniczky, Zoltán Weltsch

Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2024, 26(2):B90-B98 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2024.018

This article presents a technology that is not widely known. Previous research has investigated the effect of metal injection molding parameters on product shrinkage. The technology is mostly limited by the variations caused by deformation, so it is of paramount importance to focus on shrinkage. Consequently, within this study the injection molding simulations with 17-4PH type material was performed and its results were compared to the previously determined curve characters. The results obtained allow conclusions to be drawn regarding the accuracy of the simulation. Changing the parameters of the injection molding process can significantly affect the...

Effect of Environmental Conditions on Curing of Polyurethane Adhesive Investigated with Ftir AnalysisMechanical Engineering in Transport

Péter I. Kovács, Zoltán Weltsch, Miklós Berczeli

Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2024, 26(2):B118-B127 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2024.024

The use and significance of adhesives in various industries are explored, highlighting the growth of the adhesive market and the crucial role of time in adhesive bonding. The composition of adhesives, particularly polyurethane adhesives (PUR), is detailed, emphasizing their sensitivity to environmental factors, like moisture and UV radiation. Various factors influencing adhesive properties, such as reactivity and curing-induced shrinkage, are discussed, along with the importance of catalysts in adjusting reaction rates. One-component moisture-curable PUR adhesives are presented as versatile and continually improving alternatives in structural adhesive...

Development of the Bonding Technology of Modern Automotive Materials with Environmentally Friendly SolutionsMechanical Engineering in Transport

Zoltan Weltsch, Ferenc Tajti, Miklós Berczeli

Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2024, 26(2):B135-B141 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2024.026

The significance of bonding technology for modern vehicle structural materials is increasingly acknowledged, driven by the adoption of new materials to reduce weight. This is important not only for quality and economic reasons but to address environmental pollution, as well. Traditional joining methods like riveting, screwing, welding, and brazing, are often unsuitable or limited for modern materials. Soldering, an economical and almost waste-free technology, is becoming more widespread. Through optimization, it achieves a strong, durable bond. There is a potential to favourably alter interface properties, including using high energy density surface...

Improving the Energy Efficiency of Operation of a Multi-Motor Plate Conveyor in the Steady-State Operation ModeElectrical Engineering in Transport

Adilbek Kazbekovich Kelisbekov, Nurlan Asylkhanovich Daniyarov, Baurzhan Gilymovich Moldabaev

Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2024, 26(2):C1-C8 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2024.022

The established mode of operation of the conveyor with a nominal linear load is the most economically advantageous from the point of view of increasing the energy efficiency of mineral transportation, in which the cargo flow with minerals corresponds to the nominal productivity of the conveyor. An increase in the linear load of the working branch of the traction-bearing body to a nominal value reduces the share of unproductive consumption due to which energy savings are achieved for a certain period of time, characterized by its hourly average value.

Estimation of Vulnerable Road User Accident Frequency through the Soft Computing ModelsManagement Science and Informatics in Transport

Saurabh Jaglan, Sunita Kumari, Praveen Aggarwal

Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2024, 26(2):E1-E11 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2024.023

Accident prediction models are mathematical expressions or algorithms used to determine the causal factors for road accidents and road safety engineers are using these models, as well. Modelling this kind of accident is quite challenging and required good quality of data. The results of the artificial neural network model, Gaussian processes model, and support vector machine model are compared for vulnerable road accident frequency in this study. The accident frequency dataset comprises 218 records, with 146 designated for training purposes and 72 reserved for testing. The model's accuracy was contingent on: the mean absolute error, root mean square...

The Use of Recycled Concrete Powder as Supplementary Cementitious Materials for Manufacturing ConcreteCivil Engineering in Transport

Oussama Douidi, Ahmed Tafraoui, Abdelkadir Makani, Pedro Serna

Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2024, 26(2):D27-D37 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2024.019

Construction development is inevitable, while despite its advantages and its benefits, it may lead to several problems related to landfill and its storage, referring to the high volumes of concrete waste currently generated annually, almost 2.0 ton/per capita according to Eurostat. In Algeria, the government has integrated waste management strategy [3] provision to recovering 60 % of construction waste by 2035, which can translate to an urgent need to find innovative ways to recycle concrete waste. One is using those wastes to produce aggregates; however, around 20 % of those aggregates represent fines, wich can lead to several issues if not considered...

Testing of Railway Equipment for the Impact on the Track and TurnoutsMechanical Engineering in Transport

Seidulla Abdullayev, Gabit Bakyt, Assel Abdullayeva, Bakytzhamal Duisembayeva, Yerlan Askenov, Galymzhan Ashirbayev, Rustam Besekenov

Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2024, 26(2):B99-B107 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2024.020

The indicators of dynamic qualities that ensure the traffic safety, as well as the permissible impact on the railway track, with the obligatory fulfillment of which the railway rolling stock can be used in the transportation process, are presented in this article. The purpose of this work was to carry out the complex dynamic (running), and the impact on the railway track, tests of the rolling stock, during which simultaneous registration of dynamic processes on the railway rolling stock, and in the elements of the superstructure of the track, is carried out, as well as in elements of turnouts. Dynamic tests were carried out on the track switches from...

Appraisal Reliability of Electromechanical Equipment of Rail Service CarMechanical Engineering in Transport

Ziyoda Mukhamedova Gafurdjanovna, Sherzod Fayzibayev Sabirovich, Dilbar Mukhamedova Gafurdjanovna, Gulshan Ibragimova Ruslanovna, Shokhrukh Kayumov Sharof Ogli

Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2024, 26(2):B108-B117 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2024.021

This study conducts an in-depth exploration into the principal factors that influence the reliability of specialized rail cars and auto-rail vehicles. It places a particular emphasis on key performance metrics including the average operational duration prior to failure, the proba¬bility of faultless operation, the rate of failure, and the gamma-percentage resource. Addition¬ally, the paper examines various methodologies for computing these metrics and quantitatively evaluating their respective values. It elucidates how specific units of electromechanical equip¬ment, which operate in conjunction with asynchronous motors and clutches,...

Bibliometric Overview of Current Trends in Maritime Transport: The Issue of a Special Interest in Delivery of a Consignment as a Tool to Achieve Sustainability of International TransportOperation and Economics in Transport

Jarmila Sosedová, Martin Jurkovič, Alena Molnárová Baracková, Jana Majerová, Piotr Gorzelanczyk, Ondrej Stopka

Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2024, 26(1):A11-A21 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2024.008  

The sustainability of international transport remains a critical topic of concern in both theory and practice. Ideally, scientific literature should align with practical needs, but such concurrence is not always present. This disparity is also evident in the specific issue of consignment delivery, which is currently of a great practical importance but lacks sufficient coverage in scientific literature. This paper aims to analyse current trends in maritime transport and their relevance to achieving global sustainability in international transportation. Additionally, it seeks to compare these findings with the practical needs and requirements of the...

Perception Based Level of Service for Speed Humps in Mixed Traffic Conditions - a Case Study in IndiaCivil Engineering in Transport

Satya Ranjan Samal, Malaya Mohanty, Piotr Gorzelańczyk

Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2024, 26(1):D11-D26 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2024.010  

Speed humps are used to reduce vehicle speeds and enhance the road safety. However, there has been very limited study that discusses the Level of Service (LOS) that a speed hump provides to its road users. The present study attempts to designate LOS for movement on speed humps based on user perception. A perception-based survey in google forms was collected to assess the opinions of daily commuters while moving over speed humps along their regular routes to work which comprised various socio demographic and technical factors along with recommendations and suggestions. The study employed clustering technique to determine the Level of Service range....

The Impact of the Safe following Distance onto the Traffic SafetyOperation and Economics in Transport

Rafał Jurecki, Miloš Poliak

Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2024, 26(1):A37-A49 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2024.014  

This paper provides an analysis of the values of safety distance between the two moving vehicles, based on the parameters of the behaviour of young drivers. The main objective of this research was to determine the driver's response time for braking manoeuvre (BRT) in car-following situations. The test results were used to verify certain recommendations for the vehicle driving parameters, the principles of driver's performance to increase road traffic safety, etc. The driver's response times, determined during the testing in the simulator, were used to assess the recommended values of the safe following distance under different road conditions and various...

The Experience Economy in the Systems of Urban and Regional Transport - from a Change of Location to Positive Emotional Impressions during MovementsOperation and Economics in Transport

Jozef Gnap, Grzegorz Dydkowski, Anna Urbanek

Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2024, 26(1):A22-A36 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2024.009  

The achievements of the experience economy show that, when using services, not only their useful value is important, i.e., changing the location in the case of transport, but also related positive experiences and impressions are of increasingly great importance. Hence, the aim of the research was to assess and indicate the directions of application possibilities of the experience economy in the urban and regional transport. There were used methods of analysis of the current theoretical achievements of the experience economy and the social studies into the use of cars, as well as the methods of analogy, brainstorming, synthesis, and modelling. The personalization...

An Estimate of the Number of Accidents on Polish Highways Based on the Kind of RoadSafety and Security Engineering in Transport

Piotr Gorzelańczyk, Przemysław Grobelny

Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2024, 26(1):F13-F22 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2024.012  

A surprising number of people die on Polish highways every year. Despite the fact that number is decreasing year after year, it is still rather considerable. Due to the epidemic, the costs of the road accidents were significantly lowered, but they still remain fairly large. Understanding the roads where the majority of accidents happen and the anticipated number of accidents in the next years are necessary to lower this number. The purpose of the article was to forecast the number of accidents that would happen on Polish roads based on the kind of roads. To do this, annual accident statistics from the Police's statistics for the years 2001-2021 were...

Optimization Biodiesel Production from Honge Oil (Pongamia Pinnata)Mechanical Engineering in Transport

D. Nandkishore, Patil Sanjay, Dandavate Abhijit, Gaikwad Mahesh Krishna

Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2024, 26(1):B63-B71 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2024.015  

Rapid industrialization and increased diesel engine usage have driven up diesel consumption, burdening economies with heavy petroleum product imports. Diesel fuel emissions, including carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and smoke, pose environmental concerns. Biodiesel produced from non-edible vegetable oils offers a sustainable solution.

Impact of Consumer Value on the Selection of a Safe Child SeatMechanical Engineering in Transport

Damian Frej, Paweł Grabski

Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2024, 26(1):B11-B21 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2024.002  

Unfortunately, nowadays, choosing the right child seat is a real problem, especially for new parents. When choosing a child seat, parents have to consider many factors. These include the method of mounting the seat, the mass of the seat, compatibility with a pram and information about crash tests and approvals. The main purpose of the article is to draw attention to the problem of choosing a safe child seat and the purchasing preferences of parents or legal guardians who decide to buy a child seat. For this purpose, a survey was conducted on a group of 950 people with children. The conducted research has shown that the main parameter influencing the...

Analysis of the Technical Condition of the Road Infrastructure of the Greater Poland Voivodship from the Aspect of Road Traffic Safety in 2010-2021Safety and Security Engineering in Transport

Piotr Gorzelańczyk, Sara Szoja

Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2024, 26(1):F1-F12 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2024.004  

Every year a large number of vehicles travel on Poland's roads. The technical condition of vehicles largely depends on the technical condition of the road infrastructure. For this reason, the purpose of the article was to analyze the technical condition of the road infrastructure. The analysis was carried out with the help of a questionnaire survey on a random group of 380 people living and using roads in the Wielkopolska province.

Development of Calculation Methodology for Optimizing the Operating Mode of an Electric Pulse Unit for Cleaning Exhaust GasesMechanical Engineering in Transport

Adil Kadyrov, Aliya Kukesheva, Yevgeniy Kryuchkov, Igor Pak, Bakyt Kurmasheva, Sapar Kabikenov

Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2024, 26(1):B41-B53 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2024.011  

The results of research, devoted to operation of an electric pulse muffler designed for cleaning exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine, are presented in this article. The problem considered in this research is establishing the optimal operating mode of the electric pulse muffler by changing the parameters of the distance between the electrodes and the frequency of the electric pulse. To solve this problem, experimental research on laboratory and experimental stands was carried out, which confirmed effective reduction of the gas smoke indices at adjustment of the specified parameters. As a result, a methodology was developed to calculate the...

Analysis of Grain Damage by the Bucket Elevator during Loading/UnloadingMechanical Engineering in Transport

Askhat Nurmagambetov, Ayap Kurmanov, Kuanysh Ryspayev, Zhumash Bekmyrza, Andrey Keklis

Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2024, 26(1):B54-B62 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2024.013  

The purpose of the study was to identify problematic issues in the operation of bucket elevators during the loading and unloading of grain, which can lead to damage to seeds. To achieve this goal, methods of analysis and evaluation of factors that affect the damage rate of grain were used. The main results were an increase in the safety of the grain loading and unloading process using bucket elevators and a reduction in the risks of crop losses. The analysis of grain damage by a bucket elevator is of practical importance for the agricultural sector and can bring the following practical benefits: reducing the risk of product losses, as it helps to identify...

Reliability Analysis of Benchmark Water Distribution SystemCivil Engineering in Transport

Suja S Nair, P L Meyyappan

Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2024, 26(1):D1-D10 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2024.005  

Water is a necessary component of urban structures and a source of life. Nowadays water distribution system's performance might decline for various reasons, resulting in water waste, hence, to maintain a reliable water distribution network, assessing each water distribution study's validity is crucial. Therefore, this research has focused on using durability assessment to evaluate a water supply system. A water distribution network includes an overhead tank and nodes, pipelines, and nodes. The hydraulic properties of every node as well as pipe, including pressure and flow, are calculated utilizing EPANET. This research evaluates the reliability analysis...

Experimental Investigation of Performance of the Rotorcraft Directional RudderOperation and Economics in Transport

Andrej Novák, Karol Ścisłowski, Rafał Kliza, Robert Bąbel, Zbigniew Czyż, Paweł Karpiński

Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2024, 26(1):A1-A10 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2024.007  

The paper presents the results of gyrocopter fuselage experiment testing in a wind tunnel. The model subjected to testing was made in 1:8 scale by 3D printing. The tests included the measurement of forces and aerodynamic moments acting on the model, for a variable fuselage sideslip angle (-20º to 20º), and for three different positions of the rudder setting (0º, +5º, +10º). The measurement was carried out at an airspeed of 25 to 26 m/s. Based on the measured values, aerodynamic drag coefficients, lift coefficient and aerodynamic moment coefficients with respect to all axes of the reference system, were determined. The measurements...

Predictive Assessment of Bus Body Life in the Matlab Simulink Software EnvironmentMechanical Engineering in Transport

Dmytro Ruban, Olena Lanets, Lubomyr Kraynyk, Stepan Kovalyshyn, Hanna Ruban, Radovan Madleňák, Magdalena Maciaszczyk

Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2024, 26(1):B22-B30 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2024.003  

The lifespan prediction of the bus body of the load-bearing structure has been made and compared to the results of real operation. The maximum approximation of the simulation modelling results in Matlab Simulink to real operation is explained by taking into account a sufficient number of factors influencing durability. This research has the particularity that it allows determining the durability of the bus body even at the design stage, which was not possible with accelerated tests or during the operation of the bus on real routes. The obtained results can be used by bus manufacturers at the design stage, allowing them to change the construction and...

Method for Determining the Factor of Dual Wedge-Shaped Wear of Composite Brake Pads for Freight WagonsMechanical Engineering in Transport

Sergii Panchenko, Juraj Gerlici, Alyona Lovska, Glib Vatulia, Vasyl Ravlyuk, Andrij Rybin

Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2024, 26(1):B31-B40 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2024.006  

The work highlights the results of a study into the dual wedge-shaped wear of composite brake pads for freight wagons. It has been found that the over-normative wear makes the area of a composite brake pad larger in the lower part up to a value directly proportional to the wagon mileage and smaller in the upper part. To assess the braking efficiency of a rail vehicle, a graphical analytical method has been developed; it allows determining the factor of dual wedge-shaped wear of pads depending on the wagon mileage. The results of calculation were verified by comparing two samplings obtained by mathematical and computer modelling. The results of...

Increasing the Reliability of Water Transport via the Usage of Modified Epoxy CoatingsMechanical Engineering in Transport

Andrii Buketov, Oleg Lyashuk, Oleksandr Sapronov, Sergii Smetankin, Mykhailo Babiy, Oleg Bezbach, Oleg Tson, Vitalii Levytskyi, Raisa Chornii

Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2024, 26(1):B1-B10 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2024.001  

In solving the problem of energy and resource conservation in transport, polymer composites are of paramount importance. Polymer composite using makes it possible to significantly improve the mechanical properties of the materials and simultaneously to increase the durability of the parts of transport machines. The authors of this article focus on the substantiation of introducing the modifier 4.4'-methylenebis(2-methoxyaniline) with low concentrations into the epoxy resin. Such materials are characterized by increased mechanical strength and the ability to withstand static, dynamic stresses, as well as impact loads, since the values of the properties...

Exploring the Traffic Congestion and Improving Travel Time Reliability Measures in Heterogeneous Traffic Environments: A Focus on Developing CountriesCivil Engineering in Transport

Satya Ranjan Samal, Malaya Mohanty, Piotr Gorzelańczyk

Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2023, 25(4):D91-D102 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2023.074  

Traffic congestion is a pervasive issue that affects urban areas worldwide. This study investigates congestion on urban roads in an Indian smart city. Video graphic technique was employed to collect data across various traffic volumes. Travel time for different vehicle categories was estimated, and the travel time reliability congestion index was assessed. Multiple linear regression modelling was utilized to assess the attributes influencing congestion. Traffic signal synchronization and enforcement of traffic regulations, decentralization of important offices, and regulating roadside activities received strong recommendations from the majority of...

Trends in Traffic Accidents of Firefighting Vehicles and Their EvaluationSafety and Security Engineering in Transport

Ladislav Jánošík, Izabela Šudrychová, Ivana Jánošíková, Marek Cochlar, Martin Tomášek

Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2023, 25(4):F96-F107 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2023.075  

The Fire Rescue Service of the Czech Republic is a security force whose primary task is to protect the lives and health of the population from fire and other emergency and critical situations. Members of the Fire Rescue Service of the Czech Republic need special firefighting appliances for performing these public services. The first-response firefighting vehicles are professionally denominated as firefighting vehicles. These vehicles are used to transport units of firefighters, fire extinguishers and a technical equipment to a scene of an intervention. Traffic accidents occur occasionally while an emergency drive. Traffic accidents always have a negative...

Experimental Studying the Belt Conveyor Roller Wear Dependence on the Intensity of Technological Dust Accumulation in Open Pit MiningMechanical Engineering in Transport

Adilzhan Kuanyshbayev, Alexander Rozhkov, Nina Gorshkova, Kairosh Nogayev

Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2023, 25(4):B327-B338 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2023.071  

The paper presents the research on revealing the causes of belt conveyors downtime at open-pit mining operations. By results of researches it is established that the reasons of the above mentioned problems are technological dust formed at crushing of mineral ore, further loading and unloading, and also at transporting by conveyors. Dense dust-air mixture settling on the rotating mechanisms of conveyors, gets into the bearing units and on the surfaces of friction gears, which accelerates the process of wear of parts several times.

Development and Performance Investigation of the Direct Brushless Torque MotorMechanical Engineering in Transport

Marek Franko, Jaroslav Záruba, Jaroslav Rajníček, Martin Hraško, Michal Frivaldský

Communications - Scientific Letters of the University of Zilina 2023, 25(4):B268-B277 | DOI: 10.26552/com.C.2023.062  

The paper deals with the brushless torque motor, that was designed for precise positioning device to substitute servo drive for high torque and low speed application. It describes the design, basic parameters as well as the analysis of torque characteristic. The paper also presents the results of realized measurements. Finally, the parameters of the brushless torque motor and servo drive applicated in precise positioning device are compared. A series of measurements like measurement of torque characteristics, loading characteristics and also measurements of drive performances are presented in this paper.